Vaporizing foil welding: A new tool for collision welding

Poster Division: Engineering, Math, and Physical Sciences: 2nd Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes Graduate Research Forum)A new method for implementing collision welding at a laboratory scale has been developed. The pressure that drives the flyer plate toward the target is created by electrically driven rapid vaporization of a thin metallic conductor, rather than by chemical explosives or magnetic forces. Dissimilar welding couples of copper-titanium, copper-steel, aluminum-copper, aluminum-magnesium and titanium-steel have been successfully created with the same set of input parameters (foil driver geometry, input energy and standoff distance). Instrumented peel tests, lap shear tests, and optical and scanning electron microscopy reveal a broad spectrum of strengths and interface microstructures. For example, copper-titanium and copper-steel welds are strong and display wavy interfaces characteristic of collision welds, with little intermetallics or void formation. The other combinations have brittle interfaces with intermetallics and defects with the collision welding parameters used presently. The ideal impact angle for copper-titanium, with the currently used input energy, was identified to be 20°. Peak velocities of up to 560 m/s were observed for titanium flyer sheets. This work introduces the new technique; further research will be done on geometrical, material, and electrical parameters of the process.A one-year embargo was granted for this item

Hot mantle upwelling across the 660 beneath Yellowstone

P-to-s receiver functions mapped to depth through P and S body-wave tomography models image continuous 410 and 660 km discontinuities beneath the area covered by USArray prior to the year 2011. Mean depths to the 410 and 660 km discontinuities of 410 and 656 km imply a mantle transition zone that is about 4 km thicker than the global average and hence has a slightly cooler mean temperature and/or enhanced water content. Compared to the mean 660 depth beneath this ~2000 km wide area, the 660 beneath the Yellowstone hotspot is deflected upward by 12–18 km over an area about 200 km wide. This is the most anomalous shallowing of the 660 imaged and its horizontal extent is similar to the area where P and S tomography image low-velocity mantle extending from the top of the transition zone to about 900 km depth. Together, these results indicate a high-temperature, plume-like upwelling extending across the 660. The depth of 410 km discontinuity beneath the Yellowstone region is within 5 km of the mean depth implying that the plume is vertically heterogeneous and possibly discontinuous. Tomography indicates a similar vertically heterogeneous thermal plume. The irregular plume structure may be intrinsic to the dynamics of upwelling through the transition zone, or distortion may be caused by subduction-induced mantle flow. Topography of the 410 and 660 confirms that subducted slabs beneath the western U.S. are highly segmented, as inferred from recent tomography studies. We find no evidence of regionally pervasive velocity discontinuities between 750 and 1400 km depth. The plume's depth of origin within the lower mantle remains uncertain

Pain, Human Redemption, and Medicine: James Hinton\u27s Theological Appropriation of Pain

Hinton\u27s theology of pain posits that an individual\u27s suffering contributes to God\u27s redemptive work in the world. This dissertation explores Hinton\u27s theological appropriation of pain in four ways. First, we examine Hinton\u27s life and writings to establish his personal interest about pain. Factors that contribute to Hinton\u27s theological interest were the death of his brother, his sojourn in Whitechapel, his mental health, and his practice and skepticism of medicine. Second, we examine Hinton\u27s redemptive nexus of suffering, beneficence, and deification in light of the Jewish and Christian traditions. While our exploration shows that the biblical tradition interweaves suffering, beneficence and deification, we also see that the biblical tradition adds elements that Hinton\u27s treatment misses. The tradition shows that society also has an obligation to those who suffer. Suffering and wellbeing are ultimately social issues that require social, not simply personal, solutions. The serendipitous nature of suffering in the Hebrew bible fleshes out what in Hinton is simply an argument. In light of the serendipitous suffering in the Hebrew tradition, we examined participants in medical trials and the advancement of medicine as possible instances to bolster Hinton\u27s theological nexus. The New Testament suggests that Hinton is too unidirectional in his understanding of the nexus of suffering, beneficence and deification. The New Testament places identification with Christ preeminently ahead of the suffering of the individual. Third, we explore the relevance of Hinton\u27s thinking about pain in his contemporary setting in light of the philosophical, theological, and scientific developments in the nineteenth century. Hinton\u27s metaphysical speculations bridge theology to Darwin\u27s theory of evolution. Darwin was unable to connect Christianity to his thinking about natural selection because of his acceptance of ideas within natural theology. Hinton\u27s metaphysical conceptualization allows him to reject natural theology while embracing the Darwinian revolution from a Christian perspective. Finally, we explore modern pain theories and the literature on the role of religious coping on pain and illness to see if Hinton\u27s theology of pain remains intelligible. The modern medical and social science literature sustains Hinton\u27s basic premise that theological outlook can influence one\u27s tolerance of pain

Geology of the Southwestern Part of the Randolph Quadrangle, Utah-Wyoming

General Statement A detailed study of the southwestern part of the Randolph quadrangle was undertaken in view of the fact that Richardson (1941) mapped a large area of undifferentiated Ordovician rock. Therefore, the purposes of this investigation are: (1) to prepare a more detailed geologic map of the south­western part of the Randolph quadrangle (Plate 1), (2) to describe the struc­ture, stratigraphy, and geologic history of the area, and (3) to relate the geology to adjacent areas. The elevation of the area mapped ranges from approximately 8, 910 to 6, 700 feet above sea level with the major part of the area above 8, 000 feet. This area forms part of the eastern ridge of the Bear River Range (Williams, 1948, p. 1, 125-1, 126). The southern boundary of the area extends east from the southwest corner of the Randolph quadrangle for a distance of about 4 miles. The eastern boundary extends northward about 11 miles and is parallel to the mountain front. The northern boundary is less well defined and is taken as the ridge separating Curtis Creek from the next canyon to the north. The western boundary extends south approximately 10 miles to the southwest corner of the Randolph quadrangle. The southwestern part of the Randolph quadrangle (Figure 1) covers approximately 56 square miles and lies approximately 60 per cent in Cache County and 40 per cent in Rich County. The major part of the area lies within the Cache National Forest. The area mapped is generally accessible from mid-June to mid- September. A road is maintained along the length of the area by the U. S. Forest Service and is passable by automobile except during heavy rain- storms in the summer months. Field Work The field work was done during the summer of 1963. Formation con- tacts, attitudes, and faults were mapped in the field on aerial photographs of the approximate scale 1:20, 000. This information, concerning the south- western part of the Randolph quadrangle, was transferred to a base map constructed from the topographic map of the U. S. Geological Survey of the same area (1912 edition). The base map was enlarged to the scale 1:24, 000. Stratigraphic sections were measured with a 50-foot steel tape. A Brunton compass was used to measure attitudes and slope angles. Sample rock types were collected from each unit and compared with the rock-color chart (Goddard, 1951) to obtain standard color names. Fossils were collected and identified in the laboratory by the author. Previous Investigations The earlier geologic reports from the general area of the Randolph quadrangle are found in the Hayden Survey and the survey of the Fortieth Parallel supervised by King. Hayden (1871, p. 150-156), Peale (1877, p. 573-609), Hague (1877, p. 393-442), and Emmons (1877, p. 326-393) all commented upon the general area. Walcott (1908) studied the Cambrian rocks of the Bear River Range and defined eight formations. Veatch (1907) studied the area adjacent to the Randolph quadrangle in Wyoming. In the Randolph quadrangle, Richardson (1913) divided the Ordovician rocks into three formations, identified the Silurian rocks as a formation, defined one Mississippian formation, and later (1941) published a geologic map of the quadrangle. Mansfield\u27s (1927) study of southeastern Idaho provided valu­able information concerning regional structure and stratigraphy. Williams (1948) mapped the Logan quadrangle which is adjacent to the area on the west. Specific studies (Ross, 1949, 1951; Maxey, 1941, 1958) have given more detailed information concerning Cambrian and Ordovician rocks of the area. A recent publication by Armstrong and Cressman (1963) is important in dating the uplift and thrust faulting in the ancestral Bear River Range. The Geologic Map of Utah (Stokes, 1961) followed the interpretaion of Richardson (1941), for the southwestern part of the Randolph quadrangle, except in the designation of the Wasatch formation which is shown as Knight conglomerate

Maximizing edge-ratio is NP-complete

This is the post-print verison of the Article. The official published version can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2011 ElsevierGiven a graph G and a bipartition of its vertices, the edge-ratio is the minimum for both classes so defined of their number of internal edges divided by their number of cut edges. We prove that maximizing edge-ratio is NP-complete

Saturation Season: Inclusivity, Queerness, and Esthetics in the New Media Practices of Brockhampton

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.Following the self-release of their Saturation album trilogy in 2017, American hip-hop group Brockhampton broke through to an international audience. The period of the trilogy’s release – known as “Saturation Season” – is notable for the large body of creative content the group produced and released online. In this article, the authors demonstrate how the group’s new media practices query the boundaries that separate amateurs and professionals, consumers and producers, and fans and artists, raising a range of questions concerning digitalization, (social) inclusion, and the democratization of culture. Emphasis is placed on exploring the contradictory effects of the digital turn in popular music.publishedVersio

Trends in Education Philanthropy: Benchmarking 2023

This report offers insights into where and how funders are working, their evolving priorities and their role in supporting education innovation that benefits the nation's learners. The 15th anniversary report by Grantmakers for Education -- the first post pandemic -- is based on a survey of 142 education philanthropies. The survey results signal that the pandemic and attention to the ways in which systems disadvantage different communities have shifted the investments and concerns of education philanthropists.Education philanthropies are funding redesign and transformation in the U.S. education system, signaling a fundamental shift in approach.Education funders are very concerned about the politicization of education. Funder interest in supporting a "whole learner" approach is growing, as there is growing recognition that children without access to basic needs and emotional security will not thrive academically.With trust in government eroding, the role of philanthropy as it relates to education has never been more critical, but the impact of philanthropy depends on whether funders can critically examine their own practices